Health outcome · disease
Birth outcomes
Also: pregnancy outcomes, perinatal outcomes, adverse birth outcomes
The group of measures describing how a pregnancy ended — gestational age, birth weight, growth for age, stillbirth. The category is used where a study reported them together, and the narrower slugs are used wherever it named one.
Not reviewed by a clinician. This entry describes a disease or a symptom. We are introducing clinical review for pages of this kind; until that reviewer is in place, this page has been written and checked by the Coridum team but not reviewed by a clinician. It is general information and not medical advice. How this library is built is described in How we build this library.
Why it matters indoors
Pregnancy is the shortest exposure window in this vocabulary and the best documented. It has a known beginning and end, the outcome is recorded by a health system, and the woman’s circumstances are collected at the same time — which is why environmental epidemiology has found more here, with less exposure information, than almost anywhere else.
Indoors, the exposures under examination are combustion exposures: cooking and heating with solid fuel, unvented appliances, and tobacco smoke, with carbon monoxide reducing oxygen delivery and fine particles provoking inflammation as the two proposed mechanisms.
The group is kept because registries and reviews often report adverse birth outcomes as one composite. Such a result is real evidence, but it cannot be read as evidence about any single outcome inside it — a composite can move because one component moved, and the caveat records which components it contained.
Indoor factors with evidence
| Factor | Effect | Population | Study design | Source | Checked |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formaldehyde (CH₂O) | beta -0.056 per 1 z-score | pregnant women and their newborns · home | birth cohort in Western Australia: formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide and VOCs monitored in the homes of pregnant women at 34 weeks of gestation, associations with birth outcomes adjusted for maternal age, parity, asthma, diabetes, hypertension and season | F-0331 Franklin et al. Maternal Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes (2019) | machine |
| Cooking | OR 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | — · home | multicentre hospital-based case-control study in Karachi: women with an adverse pregnancy outcome compared with controls, with tobacco use, kitchen ventilation and other determinants recorded by interview and analysed by logistic regression | F-1750 Association of tobacco use and other determinants with pregn… (2016) | machine |
Each row is one Finding — a sentence as printed in one study, recorded with its page in the Coridum Knowledge Base. Follow the Finding number for the exact wording and the citation. Checked says who verified the row: machine means every automatic check passed and the surrounding text was read; person means someone read the sentence in the document. Rows are re-checked by a person over time. The studies are curated in the Coridum Knowledge Base; the reading of them together is a Claim, shown separately.
Cite this page
Coridum Research. Birth outcomes. Coridum Knowledge G-0192, 16 September 2026. https://coridum.com/k/G-0192/