Health outcome · disease
Gestational diabetes
Also: gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, diabetes in pregnancy
Glucose intolerance first recognised during pregnancy, screened for routinely in most health systems. Its appearance in indoor air research follows from the same inflammatory and metabolic pathways through which air pollution is linked to diabetes outside pregnancy.
Not reviewed by a clinician. This entry describes a disease or a symptom. We are introducing clinical review for pages of this kind; until that reviewer is in place, this page has been written and checked by the Coridum team but not reviewed by a clinician. It is general information and not medical advice. How this library is built is described in How we build this library.
Why it matters indoors
Pregnancy is the part of life in which exposure and outcome are most tightly dated. The screening test happens in a known window, the pregnancy has a known start, and the woman’s address is recorded — which is why so much of the evidence linking air pollution to metabolic outcomes has been assembled here rather than in the general population.
For indoor air the question is narrower and less settled. Cohorts that ask about cooking fuel and heating find associations between household combustion and gestational diabetes, but exposure in those studies is almost always a questionnaire answer rather than a measurement, and the households that cook with solid fuel differ from those that do not in diet, work and body weight.
What makes the outcome worth following is what comes after it: gestational diabetes predicts type 2 diabetes later, so an exposure acting here acts twice.
Indoor factors with evidence
| Factor | Effect | Population | Study design | Source | Checked |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) | OR 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | pregnant women | systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 epidemiological studies (33 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women | F-0078 Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM… (2023) | machine |
| Particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) | OR 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | pregnant women | systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 epidemiological studies (33 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women | F-0079 Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM… (2023) | machine |
| Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) | OR 1.18 (1.10–1.26) | pregnant women | systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 epidemiological studies (33 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women | F-0080 Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM… (2023) | machine |
| Nitric oxide (NO) | OR 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | pregnant women | systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 epidemiological studies (33 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women | F-0081 Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM… (2023) | machine |
| Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) | OR 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | pregnant women | systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 epidemiological studies (33 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women | F-0082 Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM… (2023) | machine |
| Black carbon | OR 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | pregnant women | systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 epidemiological studies (33 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women | F-0083 Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM… (2023) | machine |
| Particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) | difference 30 | pregnant women | hospital-based multicentre prospective cohort (APPO study) of 662 pregnant women in Korea with individual PM10 and PM2.5 exposure estimated from time-activity patterns and indoor and outdoor concentrations, logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, sex of the baby, income and education | F-0173 Association Between Individual Air Pollution (PM10, PM2.5) E… (2024) | machine |
| Particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) | difference 15 per 5 % | pregnant women | hospital-based multicentre prospective cohort (APPO study) of 662 pregnant women in Korea with individual PM10 and PM2.5 exposure estimated from time-activity patterns and indoor and outdoor concentrations, logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, sex of the baby, income and education | F-0174 Association Between Individual Air Pollution (PM10, PM2.5) E… (2024) | machine |
Each row is one Finding — a sentence as printed in one study, recorded with its page in the Coridum Knowledge Base. Follow the Finding number for the exact wording and the citation. Checked says who verified the row: machine means every automatic check passed and the surrounding text was read; person means someone read the sentence in the document. Rows are re-checked by a person over time. The studies are curated in the Coridum Knowledge Base; the reading of them together is a Claim, shown separately.
Cite this page
Coridum Research. Gestational diabetes. Coridum Knowledge G-0130, 16 September 2026. https://coridum.com/k/G-0130/